P1+History


 * __Manny's History__**
 * The basketball court comes in different shapes and sizes. In the NBA, the court is 94 feet by 50 ft (28.65 m by 15.24 m). Under International Basketball Federation or FIBA rules, the court is slightly smaller, measuring exactly 28 m by 15 m (91'10.4" by 49'2.6"), although national federations are allowed to use smaller courts, as long as they are at least 26 m by 14 m (85'3.6" by 45'11.2"). A high school court is slightly smaller, at 84' by 50' and some elementary schools have courts measuring 74' x 42'. The Hoop is always 10 feet above the ground. **

Also Another Known Fact is that Dwyane Wade is a BOSS

__**MARIA MESA HISTORY**__

Mathematician Alan Turing was the first computer scientist in history. After working with the Government Code in Britain during the second world war, he was able to learn a lot about code breaking that lead to eventually cracking the German's Encryptions. After the world war, Alan Turing dedicated himself to computing and developed the idea of a Computer's Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence was determined by using the Turing test, it evaluated a computer's true intelligence. Alan Turing spent the rest of his life trying to encode computers and determine their artificial intelligence.

LINK: http://www.turing.org.uk/turing/


 * __Isa's History__**

Leonardo da Vinci and Math:

Music is closely linked to mathematics in terms of the rhythmic patterns a piece of music can employ. Leonardo understood this. In the painting of the Last Supper, it was recently discovered that the proportions of the Last Supper painting were mathematical in nature (apart from the use of a vanishing point), which derive themselves from the musical equation of 12:6:4:3. If measured in equal units, the paintings' size is 6 by 12 units. The back wall measures 4 units and the windows are 3 units. In terms of the musical equation, 6:12 represents an octave, 4:6 denotes a fifth and 3:4 is a fourth. Leonardo left clues to his thinking with the following quotes, 'resonance between visual and aural harmonies' which shows he saw a correlation between the two (painting and music) and 'offer praise to the harmonies of the universe' was used to signify his intention of using the equation proportion. Within the painting, music melds the harmonies of the paint and mathematics.


 * __History for Trig Test 04/14/11 (Eyvana) Math and Architecture__**

-

 "mathematics and architecture

have always been close, not only because architecture depends on developments in mathematics, but also their shared search for order and beauty, the former in nature and the latter in construction.

[|geometry] becomes the guiding principle In [|Greek] architecture, the [|Golden mean], (also known as the Golden rectangle, Golden Section, and Golden Ratio) served as a canon for planning. Knowledge of the golden mean goes back at least as far as 300BC, when [|Euclid] described the method of geometric construction in Book 6, Proposition 30 of his book the

//Elements"//

.

Pi Pi is the ratio of a circle's diameter to a circle's circumference. It is 22/7 or an infinitely long number beginning in 3.14. Around 1900 BC, The egyptians and the babalonians both got close to finding pi, they thought that it was 256/81 and 25/8, respectivley. Both of these ratio's are only off by 1%.
 * __Ians History__**

In algebra the Arabs contributed first of all the name. The word "algebra" come from the title of a text book in the subject, Hisab al-jabr w'al muqabala, written about 830 by the astronomer/mathematician Mohammed ibn-Musa al-Khowarizmi. This title is sometimes translated as "Restoring and Simplification" or as "Transposition and Cancellation." Our word "algorithm" in a corruption of al-Khowarizmi's name.
 * __Manny's History__**

The algebra of the Arabs was entirely rhetorical.

They could solve quadratic equations, recognizing two solutions, possibly irrational, but usually rejected negative solutions. The poet/mathematician Omar Khayyam (1050 - 1130) made significant contributions to the solution of cubic equations by geometric methods involving the intersection of conics.

Like Diophantus and the Hindus, the Arabs also worked with indeterminate equations.

Kaleidoscopes The beautiful images created by kaleidoscopes are made possible by bright colors, symmetry and most importantly, symmetry. A kaleidoscope is typically made from three mirrors which are about 4 or five to ten or twelve inches and with a width of about an inch.  Sir David Brewster, Scottish scientist, invented the first kaleidoscope in 1816  The mirrors are glued to create three 60 degree angles.  With one mirror, an object is reflected to that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; line-height: normal;"> the shape of the colorful cutout is then reflected perfectly from the mirrors <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; line-height: normal;"> for that reason, when you rotate the kaleidoscope the designs change due to the placement of the pieces being reflected
 * __Camila's Math Fact 02/23__**

__**Sophie's Math History 2/8**__ Pi is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. Pi was first recorded by the Egyptians, who calculated it to be approximately (4/3)^4 which equals 3.1604. The earliest known reference to pi occurs in a Middle Kingdom papyrus scroll, written around 1650 BC by a scribe named Ahmes. He began the scroll with the words: "The Entrance Into the Knowledge of All Existing Things" and remarked in passing that he composed the scroll "in likeness to writings made of old." Toward the end of the scroll, which is composed of various mathematical problems and their solutions, the area of a circle is found using a rough sort of pi. Around 200 BC, Archimedes of Syracuse found that pi is somewhere about 3.14 (in fractions; Greeks did not have decimals). Pi (which is a letter in the Greek alphabet) was discovered by a Greek mathematician named Archimedes. Archimedes wrote a book called The Measurement of a Circle. In the book he states that Pi is a number between 3 10/71 and 3 1/7. He figured this out by taking a polygon with 96 sides and inscribing a circle inside the polygon. This was called the Archimedes Concept of Pi. As time progressed more and more became known about Pi. It was found to be an irrational non-repeating decimal. At first people tried to calculate pi by hand but now a computer constantly generates the value of Pi.

__**Random Math Fact for quarter 3 test 1 (no one was assigned so I figured something is better then nothing)**__ by Eyvana figure skating and math - diffrent jumps involve various angle measures- and although some jumps are more then 360 degrees they are still counted as "singles" in figure skating competitions - For example a waltz jump is the first "real" jump skaters learn and it is only a 180 degree turn. -The single lutz, flip or loop is a jump of 360 degrees, yet a single axel is 540 (because the take off is from a foward outside edge and the landing should be slightly on your toe pick into a backward outside edge) therefore it is one and a half revolutions and considered the hardest jumps in figure skating. - Similarly, a triple loop/flip or lutz is only 1080 degrees while a triple axel is 1260 degrees. - Spinning combinations can also be considered in "revolutions per minute" except they are scored based on "revolutions per position" Skaters get judged on the difficulty of transitions (either sit, upright or layback) and skaters earn ratings of "level 1 - level 4" depending on their minimum revolutions per position and number of variations in a combination.

Circles are really not that amazing to us today. But way way way back in the day a bunch of smart guys made some amazing observations about spherical shapes and their relationship to the world. It all started with an idea from Babylonian Astronomers that a circle is comprised of 360 little units called degrees in 1,800 BCE... In order to track celestial movement and events these Astronomers used a devise called a Merkhet. Basically this devise is a perfectly straight bar with a weighted line attacked. This enabled them to establish a true, straight, vertical line. These devices where extremly accurate in providing refrence points for tracking lateral celestial movements. Soon the vertical line would be set up congruent with the North star, __establishing a "True North"__, and so, a "True South". Measurements and observations were colle<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">cted, charted, and tabled during the night, with every movement in relation to the vertical, weighted line ("transit line"). Their observations mark the first understanding of axis turning or angles. Not only did they observe celestial movement transitioning around a fixed point but they established a unit of measuring those movements (degrees with __360 equalling a whole orbit__). By about 500 BCE, the Babylonians further divided the charted heavens into twelve regions of 30 degrees each, often referred to as the __12 houses of the zodiac__. The Babylonians continued to recorded the events of the lunar month, the daily movement of the sun across the sky over the year, and the rising and setting of the major planets. Eventually they were able to make conclusions like these:
 * Cailen's Math Fact:**


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">the constellations of the zodiac completed a full circle through the sky once a year
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">the Sun's apparent movement daily across the sky formed 1360<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> of a circle
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">the moon moved through about 13360<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> of a circle each day
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">the spherical shape ("ecliptic") was inclined to the horizon about 2321<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> degrees (earth tilt on its axis!)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">planets were traveling in regular paths that were sometimes moving back on themselves in a loop
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">eclipses of the moon and the sun could be predicted

Kevin's cool math fact Eyvana's Math Fact- Pascals triangle Ankit's math fact-http://remorin.wikispaces.com/Ankit%27s+Math+Fact-+The+fibonacci+sequence+

Nico's fact, that is much better than Mario's Cristine's math fact- baking

Ians Math Fact EUCLID Euclid was a greek mathematician who lived around 300 bc. He Is often referred to as the "Father of Geometry." He wrote a series of books called "Elements," which is considered to be the most successful textbook ever written. It laid out the basis for all geometry. It is also the book with the second most editions published ever, the first being the bible.

Maria Sinagra's Sailing Math Fact

The America's Cup, the premier international event in ocean sailing (also known as the formula 1 in sailboat racing), uses mathematics in dynamics and design structures in building these boats. But building these boats is no easy task, the international racing committee has a established a rule that limits sail area and hull size (size of the boat) to ensure every boat is fair. Each boat is supposed to be between 75-78 ft long an weigh about 45,000-48000 pounds. The main goal facing the designers is the relationship between sail area, hull size, and keel (keeps boat balanced) because the bigger the hull, the smaller the allowable sail area. Building these boats ain't no easy task people, i'm going to explain why but first let me explain the main idea of America's Cup... When sailing America's Cup, the owners or the sponsors of each boat pays like literally a trillion dollars to represent their boat, and the fastest boat wins. These boats are huge and everytime you tack or turn you lose about 7 boat lengths, which is pretty big considering their size. So designers have to consider weight, weather conditions and waves so that the boat can react in a manor that won't slow the boat down. Wind speed is calculated in knots which is a unit of speed equal to one nautical mile or about 1.15 miles per hour.